1890
- The Brussels conference with the administrative powers of Italy, Britain and France abolish the legal status of slavery. However, this appears to be a commitment on paper only as Italy does absolutely nothing to discourage the practice. Many Italian colonial administrators in Africa kept female slaves, favouring them as concubines.

-The Gosha revolt in Somalia, led by nassib Buunto is an indication of the powerful religious ferment and economic resistance against European colonisation. Nassib Buunto recruited his fighters from freed slaves who manage to escape their Italian landlords and Somalia Abans (overseers). Buunto goes on to establish a freedom centre in the Gosha region, offering escaped slaves shelter and freedom.

He promoted new communal ways of living; new techniques for building houses, herding cattle, manufacturing tools and also weapons. It was the people from this centre, which formed the bulk of the resistance against the Italian oppression, managing to delay their invasion into their region for decades.

- The Banadirians were also a focal point of resistance, managing to blockade the Italians from the coast for more than two decades (1888-1910).


1891
- Anglo-Italian arrangements gave Italy the triangle of land known as the Horn of Africa. Until the outbreak of WWI, Italy is unable to consolidate full control of the territories, due to active resistance from the inter-riverine people of southern Somalia.


1893-96
- The Italian Filonard company and the Benadi companies (1896-1905) began introducing customs and tariff regulations which were anathema to the people of the region. These economic sanctions and repressions further provoke many of the early protests.


1907
- Slavery undergoes a name change and becomes domestic servitude. In the words of one leading official: "Some races destined to be servants".


1914
- Italy eventually establishes control over the inter-riverine zone.


1923
- October, De Vecchi di Val Cismon became the first fascist Governor of Somalia. One of the governors' first moves is to order the confiscation of all arms and ammunition from the Somalis. This decree is met with fierce opposition, for the Somalis have now been well armed and trained during their preparations for WWI.

-The Jama'oyin religious settlements also put up their own resistance; Sufi Baraki unites their settlements and is warned several times by the Italian authorities to stop his provocative teachings. Sufi Baraki wanted to promote teaching and learning, which included plans to stop tribal divisions, unite the Ikhwan brotherhood and to fight the rich chiefs who were now considered corrupt agents of the colonial administration.


1924
- Sheikh Hassan Barsane, a leader of the Shabelle valley movement known as the Barsane Revolt invokes a shir (meeting of clan elders) who unanimously denounce De Vecchi's order. Barsane in name of the shir writes the following:

"In the name of Allah, most gracious, most merciful...I have received your letter and understood its contents, but must advise you that we cannot obey your orders and join with you in a covenant...Your government has its laws, and we have ours. We accept no law other than ours.

Our law is the law of Allah and his prophet... We are not like other people; none of us has even enrolled in the Zaptie (colonial forces), ever! ... And if you come to our land to fight against us, we will fight you with all possible means ... the world is very close to its end, only 58 years remain. We don't want to stay in this world. It is better to die while defending our laws."

- The Somali resistance had some initial first successes before being defeated, when the Italians captured Barsane the 4th of April.

- November, Zaptie commandos are sent to attack the remaining strongholds of the resistance movement: Sufi Baraki and his allies. Jubaland is ceded to Italy.
The Italians racist policy gives allowances to Italian immigrants to build sprawling plantations, in order to produce cash crops intended for Italian export.


1935-40
- Italian expropriation and Kolonya (forced conscription and labour) policies come into full force.
Previously productive and thriving agricultural communities are turned into underdeveloped and malnourished villages. The villages live alongside the sprawling state-supported Italian plantations.


1941
- WWII ends in Somalia, when the British and local Somali resistancers crush the Italian fascists.


1950
- The fascists are defeated but little seems to change. Dominance of Somalia economically and politically is by now almost exclusively in the hands of Italian plantation owners and Somali civil servants, a tiny Italian-Somali elite. Italian colonialism funnelled profits into Italian hands meaning that a cumulative effect of their policies was to reinforce the hierarchies between groups.

- Educational targets set for Somaliaby the U.N are never met, or ever dealt with seriously.


1960
- Italian Imperialism returns to postcolonial Somalia as Siyad Barre's regime is fully supported by the Italian State and many lucrative deals are carried out between the Somali regime and the Italians. International Monetaryt Fund structural adjustment plans are carried out; Somalia is a devastating example of the effects and repercussions:

- Focusing Somali resources solely towards the repayment of foreign debt.

- Privatising public services.

- Carrying out cuts in public spending including education, health, sanitation and agriculture.

- Export orientated industry leading to a total food dependency on imports.

- Government administration under the tutelage of foreign "donors".


1980
- Massive amounts of money were poured into Somalia by the Italian State. The money served little purpose except to line the pockets of Italian businesses that received funding for projects, which began but never got completed or broke down. E.g. grain silos made out of corrugated iron, which just buckled and collapsed in the extreme heat.


1991
- Ferrara Craxi declares:

"I Somali hanno cacciato Barre, mio caro amico, uno dei migliori capi di stato in Africa, onesto...naturalmente per quanto ci si può aspettare da un africano ... Ora pretenderebbero che l'Italia li aiuti!".

"The Somalis have chased out Barre, my dear friend, one of the best African heads of state, honest...naturally for what you can except from an African...now they pretend that Italy give them a hand!".

1994
- 20th March, Two journalists Ilaria Alpi and Miran Hrovatin are killed in Mogadishu for allegedly finding out too much about Italian cooperation in the illegal arms trade.


1996
- Italian NGOs take up aid projects, including the reconstruction of the port of Berbera. Media reporting of events.