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| Different Types of Circumcision |
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Type 1 - Sunna
This is the mildest form of FGM in terms of the extent of physical damage to the girl. It involves the excision of the hood or prepuce of the clitoris and sometimes parts of the clitoris itself.
Sometimes a small cut is made on the tip of the clitoris; just enough to shed a few drops of blood, but this type of incision is rare. However, due to the fact that the circumciser is usually medically untrained, Sunna can involve further cutting, and therefore cause greater health complications.
Image: Sunna
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Type 2 - Clitoridectomy
This involves the excision of the whole clitoris or sometimes including part or all of the labia minora, which can leave extensive scar tissue covering the upper part of the vulval region after the healing process.
Image: Clitoridectomy
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Type 3 - Excision and Infibulation
This type of FGM is also called Pharaonic circumcision. The whole clitoris, the whole of the labia minora and the internal parts of the labia majora are excised, and then the remaining parts of the labia majora are stitched together with thorns or thread. A small opening is left in the lower part of the vulva for the drainage of urine and menstrual blood.
Image: Infibulation
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Type 4 - Unclassified |
This includes all other operations on the female genitalia, such as pricking, piercing, or stretching of the vulval region; incision of the clitoris and/or labia; cauterisation by burning the clitoris and surrounding tissues; incisions to the vaginal wall; scraping (angurya cuts) or cutting (gishiri cuts) of the vagina and surrounding tissue.
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